42 changed files with 522 additions and 3376 deletions
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
 # Ignore Markdown documentation
 spec/
 *.md
 # ----------------------------
 # ---> GITIGNORE CONFIGURATION
 # ----------------------------
 # Repository-specific virtual environments
 .venv-pyserver
 .venv-pyclient
 # Compiled elm files
 elo_tracker/static/elo_tracker.js
 # Data files
 games.jsonl
 known_players.json
 # ---> Elm
 # elm-package generated files
 elm-stuff
 # elm-repl generated files
 repl-temp-*
 # ---> Python
 # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
 __pycache__/
 *.py[cod]
 *$py.class
 # C extensions
 *.so
 # Distribution / packaging
 .Python
 build/
 develop-eggs/
 dist/
 downloads/
 eggs/
 .eggs/
 lib/
 lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
 wheels/
 share/python-wheels/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
 MANIFEST
 # PyInstaller
 #  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
 #  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
 *.manifest
 *.spec
 # Installer logs
 pip-log.txt
 pip-delete-this-directory.txt
 # Unit test / coverage reports
 htmlcov/
 .tox/
 .nox/
 .coverage
 .coverage.*
 .cache
 nosetests.xml
 coverage.xml
 *.cover
 *.py,cover
 .hypothesis/
 .pytest_cache/
 cover/
 # Translations
 *.mo
 *.pot
 # Django stuff:
 *.log
 local_settings.py
 db.sqlite3
 db.sqlite3-journal
 # Flask stuff:
 instance/
 .webassets-cache
 # Scrapy stuff:
 .scrapy
 # Sphinx documentation
 docs/_build/
 # PyBuilder
 .pybuilder/
 target/
 # Jupyter Notebook
 .ipynb_checkpoints
 # IPython
 profile_default/
 ipython_config.py
 # pyenv
 #   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
 #   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
 # .python-version
 # pipenv
 #   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
 #   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
 #   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
 #   install all needed dependencies.
 #Pipfile.lock
 # poetry
 #   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
 #   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
 #   commonly ignored for libraries.
 #   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
 #poetry.lock
 # pdm
 #   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
 #pdm.lock
 #   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
 #   in version control.
 #   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
 .pdm.toml
 # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
 __pypackages__/
 # Celery stuff
 celerybeat-schedule
 celerybeat.pid
 # SageMath parsed files
 *.sage.py
 # Environments
 .env
 .venv
 env/
 venv/
 ENV/
 env.bak/
 venv.bak/
 # Spyder project settings
 .spyderproject
 .spyproject
 # Rope project settings
 .ropeproject
 # mkdocs documentation
 /site
 # mypy
 .mypy_cache/
 .dmypy.json
 dmypy.json
 # Pyre type checker
 .pyre/
 # pytype static type analyzer
 .pytype/
 # Cython debug symbols
 cython_debug/
 # PyCharm
 #  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
 #  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
 #  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
 #  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
 #.idea/
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,14 +1,3 @@
 # Repository-specific virtual environments
 .venv-pyserver
 .venv-pyclient
 # Compiled elm files
 elo_tracker/static/elo_tracker.js
 # Data files
 games.jsonl
 known_players.json
 # ---> Elm
 # elm-package generated files
 elm-stuff
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,24 +1,15 @@
 # Bot-Man-Toe
-Write a script that plays tic-tac-toe, and see how well it performs against
+Bot-Man-Toe is an attempt to create a way for players to play games against
-other programs!
+themselves, other players, or self-trained AI players.
- [🚀 Write your own agent](agents/README.md)
+## Technology stack
 - [🖊 Compare how well your agent performs](elo_tracker/README.md)
 - [🌐 Publish your agent to the internet](pyserver/README.md)
-## Get started
+Counterintuitively, the **servers** are participants to a game. The **clients**
 are programs or browsers that mediate matches between servers.
-1. Clone this repository.
+## More
 2. Run `python client.py` in the terminal and let two random agents play
    against each other.
 3. Copy the example agent and [create your own](agents/README.md).
 4. Play against the AgentOfChaos while you improve your strategy.
 5. Publish your agent. _(optional)_
 6. Compare it against others with the Elo tracker. _(optional)_
-
+- The discovery contract is documented in `spec/README.md`.
-## Links
+- Python client helpers live under `pyclient/`.
-
+- Python server helpers live under `pyserver/`.
 - [📜 API specification](pyserver/spec.md)
 - [🏆 Online ELO tracker](https://elo.noordstar.me/)
--- a/agents/README.md
+++ b/agents/README.md
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
 # 🚀 Write your own agent!
 An **agent** is a Python class that knows how to play one or more games.
 Don't worry about writing a perfect strategy. Start with something that works,
 print the incoming game state, and improve it one step at a time.
 ## Quick start
 1. Copy [example.py](example.py).
 2. Rename the file and the `ExampleAgent` class.
 3. Update the agent's name, author and version.
 4. Implement `play_tic_tac_toe()`.
 5. Import your agent in `client.py` and let it play a game.
 That's enough to get started.
 ## Understanding the game
 Whenever your agent has to make a move, it receives the current game state as
 a Python dictionary.
 Start by printing it:
 ```py
 print(payload)
 ```
 Run a few games and watch how the payload changes after every move. Once you
 understand what you're receiving, you can start writing your own strategy!
 Your function should return:
 ```py
 {"move": 7}
 ```
 where the number is the square you want to play.
 ## Testing your agent
 Open [client.py](../client.py) and replace one of the players with your own agent.
 For example:
 ```py
 from agents.my_agent import MyAgent
 from agents.chaos import AgentOfChaos
 players = [
    MyAgent(),
    AgentOfChaos(),
 ]
 ```
 The repository includes `AgentOfChaos`, a very simple opponent that plays
 random moves. It's useful for testing your own agent while you're developing it.
 >  ⚠️ Don't try to build the perfect player immediately! Agents are easy to
 > improve while you test against other agents. Plus, imperfect agents are
 > typically the most interesting.
 Run the client, inspect the output, tweak your algorithm, and repeat. You don't
 need to understand the rest of the project before you can start experimenting.
 ## What's next?
 Once you're happy with your agent, you can:
 - [🖊 Compare your agent against other agents with the ELO tracker](../elo_tracker/README.md)
 - [🌐 Publish your agent so other people can play against it](../pyserver/README.md)
--- a/agents/init.py
+++ b/agents/init.py
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
 """
    Agents are players that can participate in a game. THey contain a unified
    API that allows other systems to apply to them for communication.
    For example:
    1. The PyClient can locally run a game with agents as participants.
    2. A PyServer can host a web server and asks a specific agent to respond.
 """
 from .agent import Agent
 from .chaos import AgentOfChaos
 from .mute import MuteAgent
 __all__ = [
    "Agent",
    "AgentOfChaos",
    "MuteAgent",
 ]
--- a/agents/agent.py
+++ b/agents/agent.py
@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
 """
    The agent module hosts the base class of all agents. It dictates how
    agents are expected to behave.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Any, Callable
 # Communication type that the players communicate in
 Payload = dict[str, Any]
 # Function that the agent is expected to communicate with.
 # The ActionFunction takes a Payload as input and returns a Payload of its own.
 ActionFunction = Callable[[Payload], Payload]
 GameInfo = tuple[Payload, dict[str, ActionFunction]]
 class Agent:
    """
        Base class for all agents to communicate in.
    """
    # Local variables
    author : str
    name : str
    profile : Payload
    registered_games : dict[str, tuple[Payload, dict[str, ActionFunction]]]
    version : str | None
    def __init__(
        self,
        name : str,
        author : str,
        version : str | None = None,
        profile : Payload = {},
    ) -> None:
        """
            Create an instance of the agent.
            Note that the base class expects quite a lot of variables for the
            initialization, whereas the subclasses are expected to require
            no inputs for initialization. It is the subclasses' responsibility
            to override the current function by inserting its own values.
            :param name: String value giving the player a name.
            :type name: str
            :param author: String value representing the player's designer or programmer.
            :type author: str
            :param version: Version of the player, in case an update changes its behavior.
            :type version: str | None
            :param profile: Custom profile pertaining to the player.
            :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        """
        # Register basic (required) variables
        self.author = author
        self.name = name
        self.profile = profile
        self.version = version
        # Have the subclass register games
        self.registered_games = {}
    def add_game(
        self,
        name : str,
        actions : dict[str, ActionFunction],
        profile : Payload,
        required_actions : list[str] = [],
    ) -> None:
        """
            Add a new game to the player. Replaces any prior definition for the
            game.
            :param name: Game name
            :type name: str
            :param actions: Dictionary containing all actions the player is willing to take.
            :type actions: dict[str, Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]]
            :param profile: Custom profile describing some details about a game.
            :type profile: dict[str, Any]
            :param required_actions: Optional completeness check. If provided,
                all required action names must exist in `actions` and map to
                callables.
            :type required_actions: list[str]
            :raises AssertionError: Some of the required actions aren't present.
        """
        # Verify that all required actions exist
        for ra in required_actions:
            if ra not in actions.keys():
                raise AssertionError(
                    f"Missing required action `{ra}` in action mapping."
                )
        self.registered_games[name] = ( profile, actions )
    def add_tic_tac_toe(
        self,
        on_move : ActionFunction,
        profile : Payload = {},
    ) -> None:
        """
            Convenience registration for the tic-tac-toe game.
            :param on_move: Called function when the player is to make a move.
            :type on_move: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]
            :param profile: Custom details to share about the game.
            :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return self.add_game(
            name="tic-tac-toe",
            actions={"": on_move},
            profile=profile,
            required_actions=[""],
        )
    def add_royal_game_of_ur(
        self,
        on_move : ActionFunction,
        profile : Payload = {},
    ) -> None:
        """
            Convenience registration for the royal game of Ur.
            :param on_move: Called function when the player is to make a move.
            :type on_move: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]
            :param profile: Custom details to share about the game.
            :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return self.add_game(
            name="royal-game-of-ur",
            actions={"": on_move},
            profile=profile,
            required_actions=[""],
        )
    def get_action(self, game : str, action : str | None) -> ActionFunction | None:
        """
            Get an action function for a given game, if it exists.
            :param game: The name of the game.
            :type game: str
            :param action: The name of the action, or None if the game only has one action.
            :type action: str | None
            :return: The action with which the agent would like to act, if at all.
            :rtype: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]] | None
        """
        _, actions = self.registered_games.get(game, ({}, {}))
        if action is None:
            return list(actions.values())[0] if len(actions) == 1 else None
        else:
            return actions.get(action, None)
--- a/agents/chaos.py
+++ b/agents/chaos.py
@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
 """
    The agent of chaos is an agent that always attempts to return a random
    response.
    In most games, the Agent of chaos makes two considerations:
    1. Which moves are valid? Since invalid moves fallback to "default" moves,
        this can destabilize the probability distribution, making some moves
        more likely to be chosen than others. As a result, we refrain from
        "invalid" moves and take the effort to filter them out.
    2. What's a reasonable probability distribution? Sometimes, a uniform
        distribution across all options doesn't make a lot of sense. For
        example, imagine asking the agent every turn whether they want to
        use their super duper special single-use ability, and leaving that to
        a 50/50 call every turn. It feels much more random if such an ability
        is more randomly used throughout the GAME, than to have every choice
        be a uniformly distributed decision.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import random
 from .agent import Agent, Payload
 class AgentOfChaos(Agent):
    """
        The agent of chaos always aims to deliver a random response.
    """
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """
            Agent that always tries to make a "random" move.
        """
        super().__init__(
            name="Agent of chaos",
            author="Bram",
            version="1.0.1",
            profile={
                "me.noordstar.peanuts.is_ai": False,
            },
        )
        self.add_tic_tac_toe(on_move=play_tic_tac_toe, profile={})
        self.add_royal_game_of_ur(on_move=play_royal_game_of_ur, profile={})
 def play_tic_tac_toe(payload : Payload) -> Payload:
    """
        In tic-tac-toe, the agent of chaos makes uniformly distributed choices
        on unclaimed tiles.
        :param payload: The incoming game state.
        :type payload: dict[str, Any]
        :return: The agent of chaos' random choice
        :rtype: dict[str, Any]
    """
    options = [
        int(k)
        for k, v in dict(payload).items()
        if k in "0123456789" and v == ""
    ]
    return { "move": random.choice(options) }
 def play_royal_game_of_ur(payload : Payload) -> Payload:
    """
        The royal game of Ur already returns a set of valid moves.
        We can lazily just pick one of these options and return it.
        :param payload: The incoming game state.
        :type payload: dict[str, Any]
        :return: The agent of chaos' random choice
        :rtype: dict[str, Any]
    """
    return { "move": random.choice(payload.get("valid_moves", [""])) }
--- a/agents/example.py
+++ b/agents/example.py
@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module contains an example agent that you can use to create your own!
    Please copy this file, rename it, and then build it the way you see fit.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import random
 from .agent import Agent, Payload
 class ExampleAgent(Agent):
    """
        Describe here what your agent does and how it behaves! This will help
        others understand how your agent works.
    """
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """
            Create a custom instance of your agent. This function allows you
            to define which games your agent can play.
            You may add parameters to the function if your agent requires more
            information to be able to operate.
        """
        super().__init__(
            # Give your bot a name to display in leaderboards
            name="MY super smart agent",
            # Your name, to give you credit
            author="Unknown programmer",
            # Update the version to indicate the agent behaves differently.
            # This will later allow you to compare different versions of your
            # agent against one another.
            version="1.0.0",
            # Add extra custom information about the agent to this dictionary.
            profile={},
        )
        # Indicate that you're willing to play tic-tac-toe
        # Remove this if you don't want your bot to participate there.
        self.add_tic_tac_toe(on_move=self.play_tic_tac_toe, profile={})
    @staticmethod
    def play_tic_tac_toe(payload : Payload) -> Payload:
        """
            Play a game of tic-tac-toe.
            You receive a payload that looks like this:
            {
                "1": "X", "2": "",  "3": "O",
                "4": "X", "5": "O", "6": "",
                "7": "",  "8": "",  "9": "",
                "your_token": "X"
            }
            And you're expected to return a response of which field you'd like to
            place your piece in. For example, if you wish to place your token in
            field 7, your response should look like this:
            { "move": 7 }
            The board is arranged as follows:
             1 | 2 | 3
            ---+---+---
             4 | 5 | 6
            ---+---+---
             7 | 8 | 9
            :param payload: The incoming JSON that contains the game state.
            :type payload: dict[str, Any]
            :return: The move you wish to take.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        # Try printing the payload to see what it looks like!
        print(payload)
        options = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ]
        # 1. Try filtering out the impossible moves!
        #    If an X or O was already placed at a field, remove it from the options
        #
        # 2. Try finding two in a row! If possible, you can try to place the third
        #    item on the board and get 3 in a row.
        #
        # 3. Perhaps you can block the opponent from getting 3 in a row?
        #
        # Now, pick any of the remaining options.
        # This is just a simple implementation. Naturally, you're welcome to try
        # your own algorithm.
        return { "move": random.choice(options) }
--- a/agents/mute.py
+++ b/agents/mute.py
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
 """
    The mute agent is a proof-of-concept agent of an agent that simply doesn't
    respond - it always responds with an empty object.
    This is the simplest agent to implement, and it can be used as a test to
    make sure that the "default" move can be picked properly each turn.    
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from .agent import ActionFunction, Agent, Payload
 def respond_mute(payload : Payload) -> Payload:
    """
        Standard response from the mute. Returns an empty object, always.
        :param payload: Incoming game state.
        :type payload: dict[str, Any]
        :return: The empty object.
        :rtype: dict[str, Any]
    """
    return {}
 class MuteAgent(Agent):
    """
        The mute agent class refuses to respond to any incoming game states,
        and simply responds with an empty dictionary. For most games,
        this means that the mute player takes the "default" option as a result
        of not responding.
    """
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """
            Create a new instance of the mute agent.
        """
        super().__init__(
            name="Mute",
            author="Bram",
            version="1.0.1",
            profile={
                "me.noordstar.peanuts.is_ai": False,
            },
        )
        self.add_tic_tac_toe(on_move=respond_mute)
        self.add_royal_game_of_ur(on_move=respond_mute)
    def get_action(self, game: str, action: str | None) -> ActionFunction:
        """
            Return the mute response for any game or action.
            :param game: The game that the mute ignores.
            :type game: str
            :param action: The action that the mute ignores.
            :type action: str
        """
        return respond_mute
--- a/agents/remote.py
+++ b/agents/remote.py
@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
 """
    The remote agent is the agent that is accessible on the internet.
    The common implementation of the back-end is the PyClient, although the
    remote agent communicates through an API so the agent is 
    implementation-agnostic.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Any, Callable
 import requests
 from .agent import Agent, Payload
 class RemoteAgent(Agent):
    """
        The RemoteAgent is the agent that is remotely accessible on an external
        URL through the specified protocol.
    """
    url : str
    games : set[str]
    def __init__(self, url : str, timeout : float = 1.0) -> None:
        """
            Create a new instance of the remote agent.
            :param url: URL at which the agent can be accessed.
            :type url: str
            :param timeout: The maximum time the client is allowed to respond.
            :type timeout: float
            :raises requests.HTTPError: The server could not be reached.
            :raises ValueError: The server returned an invalid response.
        """
        self.url = url.strip("/")
        self.timeout = timeout
        # Get discovery from URL
        response = requests.get(self.url.strip("/") + "/", timeout=self.timeout)
        response.raise_for_status()
        content = response.json()
        if not isinstance(content, dict):
            raise ValueError(
                "Remote agent's discovery response must be a JSON object."
            )
        raw_author = content.get("author", content.get("me.noordstar.peanuts.author", ""))
        raw_name = content.get("name", "")
        raw_version = content.get("version", content.get("me.noordstar.peanuts.agent.version", None))
        # Initialize agent based on given information
        super().__init__(
            author="" if raw_author is None else str(raw_author),
            name="" if raw_name is None else str(raw_name),
            version=None if raw_version is None else str(raw_version),
            profile=content,
        )
        self.games = set()
        games = content.get("games")
        if isinstance(games, dict):
            if "tic-tac-toe" in games:
                self.add_tic_tac_toe(
                    on_move=lambda x : self.poll("tic-tac-toe", "", x),
                    profile=games["tic-tac-toe"],
                )
            if "royal-game-of-ur" in games:
                self.add_royal_game_of_ur(
                    on_move=lambda x : self.poll("royal-game-of-ur", "", x),
                    profile=games["royal-game-of-ur"],
                )
            self.games = set(games.keys())
    def get_action(self, game: str, action: str | None) -> Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]] | None:
        """
            Get an action function for any given game.
            :param game: The name of the game.
            :type game: str
            :param action: The name of the action, or None if the game only has one action.
            :type action: str | None
            :return: The action with which the agent would like to act, if at all.
            :rtype: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]] | None
        """
        return lambda x : self.poll(game=game, action=action or "", payload=x)
    def poll(
        self,
        game : str,
        action : str,
        payload : Payload
    ) -> Payload:
        """
            Inquire the remote agent for a response.
        """
        url = "/".join([self.url, game.strip("/"), action.strip("/")]).strip("/")
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, json=payload, timeout=self.timeout)
            response.raise_for_status()
            content = response.json()
        except (requests.ConnectTimeout, requests.RequestException, requests.HTTPError, ValueError):
            return {}
        else:
            return content if isinstance(content, dict) else {}
--- a/client.py
+++ b/client.py
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module offers a small place to start building game clients from.
    You can use this for:
        - Learning how the system works.
        - Debugging a game server.
        - Debugging a game that behaves weirdly.
    This module lets you host a game, let online servers participate in it,
    and then analyze the outcome.
    You can build several things with this:
    1. You can build an AI trainer that trains on existing players.
    2. You can build an ELO evaluator that compares the performance of various
        strategies.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import json
 import pyclient
 # Import your game(s) here
 from pyclient.games import TicTacToe
 # ...
 # Import your agent(s) here
 from agents import Agent, AgentOfChaos
 # from agents.my_agent import MyAgent
 # ...
 def main() -> int:
    """
        Start a client, then use it to analyze one or more matches.
        :return: Exit code
        :rtype: int
    """
    # Start the game engine
    c = pyclient.PyClient(debug=True)
    # Mix and match any agents you'd like.
    # During development it's usually easiest to play against AgentOfChaos().
    players : list[Agent] = [
        AgentOfChaos(),
        AgentOfChaos(),
    ]
    # Play a given game with your players
    result = c.play_game(
        players=players,
        start=TicTacToe.empty(),
    )
    # Print the game results to the terminal!
    inspect_game(result)
    return 0
 def inspect_game(game : pyclient.GameReplay) -> None:
    """
        Print a diagnostic of a played game to the terminal.
        :param game: The results of a played game.
        :type game: pyclient.GameReplay
    """
    max_width = 40
    hbar = max_width * '%'
    def title(s : str) -> None:
        """
            Show a title nice and clean in the middle
            :param s: The title to display
            :type s: str
        """
        w = (max_width - len(s)) // 2
        print(hbar)
        print((w * ' ') + s.upper() + (w * ' '))
        print(hbar)
    # Show all moves made throughout the game
    title("Turns taken")
    for turn in game.turns:
        print(f"Player {turn.player} : " + json.dumps(turn.action)[:max_width-12])
    # Show all remaining variables in the finishing state of the game
    title("Final state")
    final_state = game.turns[-1].state
    for k, v in final_state.to_dict().items():
        print(f"{k} => {json.dumps(v)}")
    # Some final (usually the most relevant) statistics
    title("Result")
    print(f"Total turns taken: {len(game.turns)}")
    print(f"Result: {final_state.winner()}")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())
--- a/elm/Api/Elo.elm
+++ b/elm/Api/Elo.elm
@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
 module Api.Elo exposing
    ( EloStat
    , HealthCheck
    , Leaderboard
    , Match
    , Participant
    , Players
    , getHealth
    , getLeaderboard
    , getMatches
    , getPlayers
    )
 {-|
 # ELO API
 This module contains functions to address the API of the ELO tracker.
 -}
 import Http
 import Json.Decode as D
 type alias EloStat =
    { draws : Int
    , elo : Int
    , losses : Int
    , name : String
    , url : String
    , version : Maybe String
    , wins : Int
    }
 type alias HealthCheck =
    { ok : Bool, periodicMatches : Bool }
 type alias Leaderboard =
    List { name : String, players : Players }
 type alias Match =
    { name : String
    , participants : List Participant
    , timestamp : String
    }
 type alias Participant =
    { name : String
    , result : String
    , url : String
    , version : Maybe String
    }
 type alias Players =
    List EloStat
 eloStatDecoder : D.Decoder EloStat
 eloStatDecoder =
    D.map7 EloStat
        (D.field "draws" D.int)
        (D.field "elo" D.int)
        (D.field "losses" D.int)
        (D.field "name" D.string)
        (D.field "url" D.string)
        (D.maybe <| D.field "version" D.string)
        (D.field "wins" D.int)
 getHealth :
    { baseUrl : String
    , toMsg : Result Http.Error HealthCheck -> msg
    }
    -> Cmd msg
 getHealth data =
    Http.get
        { url = data.baseUrl ++ "/health"
        , expect = Http.expectJson data.toMsg healthCheckDecoder
        }
 getLeaderboard :
    { baseUrl : String
    , toMsg : Result Http.Error Leaderboard -> msg
    }
    -> Cmd msg
 getLeaderboard data =
    Http.get
        { url = data.baseUrl ++ "/leaderboard"
        , expect = Http.expectJson data.toMsg leaderboardDecoder
        }
 getMatches :
    { baseUrl : String
    , toMsg : Result Http.Error (List Match) -> msg
    }
    -> Cmd msg
 getMatches data =
    Http.get
        { url = data.baseUrl ++ "/matches"
        , expect = Http.expectJson data.toMsg (D.list matchDecoder)
        }
 getPlayers :
    { baseUrl : String
    , toMsg : Result Http.Error Players -> msg
    }
    -> Cmd msg
 getPlayers data =
    Http.get
        { url = data.baseUrl ++ "/players"
        , expect = Http.expectJson data.toMsg playersDecoder
        }
 healthCheckDecoder : D.Decoder HealthCheck
 healthCheckDecoder =
    D.map2 HealthCheck
        (D.field "ok" D.bool)
        (D.field "periodic_matches" D.bool)
 leaderboardDecoder : D.Decoder Leaderboard
 leaderboardDecoder =
    D.map2 (\name players -> { name = name, players = players })
        (D.field "name" D.string)
        (D.field "players" playersDecoder)
        |> D.list
 matchDecoder : D.Decoder Match
 matchDecoder =
    D.map3 Match
        (D.field "name" D.string)
        (D.field "participants" <| D.list participantDecoder)
        (D.field "timestamp" D.string)
 participantDecoder : D.Decoder Participant
 participantDecoder =
    D.map4 Participant
        (D.field "name" D.string)
        (D.field "result" D.string)
        (D.field "url" D.string)
        (D.maybe <| D.field "version" D.string)
 playersDecoder : D.Decoder Players
 playersDecoder =
    D.list eloStatDecoder
--- a/elm/EloTracker.elm
+++ b/elm/EloTracker.elm
@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
 module EloTracker exposing (main)
 import Api.Elo as Elo
 import Element exposing (Element)
 import Element.Background
 import Element.Font
 import Http
 import Json.Decode as D
 import Layout
 import Pixels
 import Program
 import Screen.Leaderboard
 import Theme
 import Time
 import Widget.Icon
 main =
    Program.document
        { flagsDecoder = D.field "baseUrl" D.string
        , headers = headers
        , init = init
        , subscriptions = subscriptions
        , title = title
        , update = update
        , view = view
        }
 -- MODEL
 type alias Model =
    { baseUrl : String
    , leaderboard : Result Int Elo.Leaderboard
    , matches : Result Int (List Elo.Match)
    , selectedName : String
    }
 type Msg
    = OnLeaderboard (Result Http.Error Elo.Leaderboard)
    | OnMatches (Result Http.Error (List Elo.Match))
    | OnSelectLeaderboardName String
    | RefreshLeaderboard
    | RefreshMatches
 init : Result D.Error String -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
 init flag =
    let
        baseUrl =
            case flag of
                Err _ ->
                    "http://localhost:5000"
                Ok v ->
                    v
        model =
            { baseUrl = baseUrl
            , leaderboard = Err 0
            , matches = Err 0
            , selectedName = "tic-tac-toe"
            }
    in
    ( model
    , Cmd.batch
        [ getLeaderboard model
        , getMatches model
        ]
    )
 -- UPDATE
 update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
 update msg model =
    case msg of
        OnLeaderboard (Err _) ->
            case model.leaderboard of
                Err n ->
                    ( { model | leaderboard = Err (n + 1) }, Cmd.none )
                Ok _ ->
                    ( model, Cmd.none )
        OnLeaderboard (Ok v) ->
            ( { model | leaderboard = Ok v }, Cmd.none )
        OnMatches (Err _) ->
            case model.matches of
                Err n ->
                    ( { model | matches = Err (n + 1) }, Cmd.none )
                Ok _ ->
                    ( model, Cmd.none )
        OnMatches (Ok v) ->
            ( { model | matches = Ok v }, Cmd.none )
        OnSelectLeaderboardName name ->
            ( { model | selectedName = name }, Cmd.none )
        RefreshLeaderboard ->
            ( model, getLeaderboard model )
        RefreshMatches ->
            ( model, getMatches model )
 getLeaderboard : Model -> Cmd Msg
 getLeaderboard model =
    Elo.getLeaderboard { baseUrl = model.baseUrl, toMsg = OnLeaderboard }
 getMatches : Model -> Cmd Msg
 getMatches model =
    Elo.getMatches { baseUrl = model.baseUrl, toMsg = OnMatches }
 -- SUBSCRIPTIONS
 subscriptions : Model -> Sub Msg
 subscriptions _ =
    Sub.batch
        [ Time.every (5 * 1000) (always RefreshLeaderboard)
        , Time.every (1 * 60 * 1000) (always RefreshMatches)
        ]
 -- VIEW
 headers : Model -> List { icon : Widget.Icon.Icon msg, onPress : msg }
 headers _ =
    []
 title : Model -> String
 title model =
    case model.leaderboard of
        Err _ ->
            "EloTracker | Loading..."
        Ok _ ->
            "EloTracker | Leaderboard"
 view : Program.ViewBox Model -> Element Msg
 view data =
    case data.model.leaderboard of
        Err 0 ->
            Element.column
                [ Element.width <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.size.width
                , Element.height <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.size.height
                ]
                [ Element.column
                    [ Element.centerX
                    , Element.centerY
                    , Element.Background.color (Theme.mantleUI data.flavor)
                    , Element.padding 15
                    , Element.spacing 10
                    ]
                    [ Element.text "Loading leaderboard..."
                    , Layout.loadingIndicator { color = Theme.lavender data.flavor }
                        |> Element.el [ Element.centerX ]
                    ]
                ]
        Err n ->
            Element.column
                [ Element.width <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.size.width
                , Element.height <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.size.height
                ]
                [ Element.column
                    [ Element.centerX
                    , Element.centerY
                    , Element.Background.color (Theme.mantleUI data.flavor)
                    , Element.padding 15
                    , Element.spacing 10
                    ]
                    [ Element.text "Loading leaderboard..."
                    , Element.el [ Element.centerX, Element.Font.color (Theme.redUI data.flavor) ] (Element.text ("Failed " ++ String.fromInt n ++ " times"))
                    , Layout.loadingIndicator { color = Theme.lavender data.flavor }
                        |> Element.el [ Element.centerX ]
                    ]
                ]
        Ok leaderboard ->
            Screen.Leaderboard.view
                { flavor = data.flavor
                , model =
                    { board = leaderboard
                    , onSelect = OnSelectLeaderboardName
                    , selectedName = data.model.selectedName
                    }
                , size = data.size
                }
--- a/elm/Program.elm
+++ b/elm/Program.elm
@ -156,43 +156,32 @@ view :
    -> Html.Html (Msg msg)
 view data model =
    let
-        navBarIconHeight =
+        preferredNavBarHeight =
            Pixels.pixels 40
        navBarHeight =
            Quantity.twice navBarIconHeight
        showNavBar =
-            navBarHeight
+            preferredNavBarHeight
                |> Quantity.multiplyBy 6
                |> Quantity.lessThanOrEqualTo model.size.height
        contentHeight =
            if showNavBar then
-                model.size.height |> Quantity.minus navBarHeight
+                model.size.height |> Quantity.minus preferredNavBarHeight
            else
                model.size.height
    in
-    [ if showNavBar then
+    [ viewNavBar
-        viewNavBar
+        { headers = data.headers model.content
-            { headers = data.headers model.content
+        , iconHeight = preferredNavBarHeight
-            , iconHeight = navBarIconHeight
+        , model = model
-            , model = model
+        }
            }
      else
        Element.none
    , data.body
        { flavor = model.flavor
        , model = model.content
-        , size =
+        , size = { height = contentHeight, width = model.size.width }
            { height = contentHeight --|> Quantity.minus (Pixels.pixels 25)
            , width = model.size.width --|> Quantity.minus (Pixels.pixels 25)
            }
        }
        |> Element.map OnContent
        |> Element.el []
    ]
        |> Element.column [ Element.width Element.fill ]
        |> Element.layout
--- a/elm/Screen/CreateGame.elm
+++ b/elm/Screen/CreateGame.elm
@ -2,23 +2,18 @@ module Screen.CreateGame exposing (..)
 -- MODEL
 type alias Model =
    { baseUrl : String
    , players : List String
    }
 type Msg
    = OnBaseUrl String
    | OnPlayer Int String
    | RemovePlayer Int
 -- UPDATE
 update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
 update msg model =
    case msg of
@ -27,35 +22,32 @@ update msg model =
        OnPlayer n p ->
            let
-                newIndex =
+                newIndex = List.length model.players == n
                    List.length model.players == n
                newPlayers =
                    if newIndex && mayCreateNewPlayer model.players then
                        List.append model.players [ p ]
                    else
                        List.indexedMap
                            (\i player ->
                                if n == i then
                                    p
                                else
                                    player
                            )
                            model.players
            in
-            ( { model | players = newPlayers }, Cmd.none )
+                ( { model | players = newPlayers }, Cmd.none )
        RemovePlayer n ->
            ( { model
-                | players =
+              | players =
                    model.players
                        |> List.indexedMap
                            (\i player ->
                                if n == i then
                                    Nothing
                                else
                                    Just player
                            )
@ -64,11 +56,9 @@ update msg model =
            , Cmd.none
            )
 -- SUBSCRIPTIONS
 -- VIEW
 -- VIEW
 mayCreateNewPlayer : List String -> Bool
 mayCreateNewPlayer =
--- a/elm/Screen/Leaderboard.elm
+++ b/elm/Screen/Leaderboard.elm
@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
 module Screen.Leaderboard exposing (..)
 {-| Widget module for a leaderboard page.
 -}
 import Api.Elo exposing (EloStat, Leaderboard, Players)
 import Color
 import Element exposing (Element)
 import Element.Background
 import Element.Border
 import Element.Events
 import Element.Font
 import Layout
 import Pixels exposing (Pixels)
 import Program exposing (ViewBox)
 import Quantity exposing (Quantity)
 import Theme
 view : ViewBox { board : Leaderboard, onSelect : String -> msg, selectedName : String } -> Element msg
 view data =
    Element.column
        []
        [ selectBoard
            { flavor = data.flavor
            , leaderboard = data.model.board
            , onSelect = data.model.onSelect
            , selectedName = data.model.selectedName
            , width = data.size.width
            }
        , data.model.board
            |> List.map
                (\l ->
                    if l.name == data.model.selectedName then
                        viewSingleBoard
                            { flavor = data.flavor
                            , model = l
                            , size = data.size
                            }
                    else
                        Element.none
                )
            |> Element.column []
        ]
 selectBoard :
    { flavor : Theme.Flavor
    , leaderboard : Leaderboard
    , onSelect : String -> msg
    , selectedName : String
    , width : Quantity Int Pixels
    }
    -> Element msg
 selectBoard data =
    data.leaderboard
        |> List.map .name
        |> List.map
            (\s ->
                Element.el
                    [ if data.selectedName == s then
                        Element.Background.color (Theme.subtext0UI data.flavor)
                      else
                        Element.Background.color (Theme.surface1UI data.flavor)
                    , Element.Border.rounded 25
                    , Element.centerX
                    , Element.Events.onClick (data.onSelect s)
                    , Element.padding 10
                    ]
                    (Element.text s)
            )
        |> Element.wrappedRow
            [ Element.padding 20
            , Element.spacing 10
            , Element.width <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.width
            ]
 viewSingleBoard : ViewBox { name : String, players : Players } -> Element msg
 viewSingleBoard data =
    let
        boardWidth =
            data.size.width
                |> Quantity.toFloatQuantity
                |> Quantity.multiplyBy (2 / 3)
                |> Quantity.floor
                |> Quantity.clamp (Pixels.pixels 600) (Pixels.pixels 1800)
                |> Pixels.inPixels
                |> Element.px
                |> Element.width
    in
    data.model.players
        |> List.map (viewEloStat { flavor = data.flavor })
        |> Element.column [ Element.centerX, boardWidth ]
        |> List.singleton
        |> (::)
            (Element.text data.model.name
                |> Element.el
                    [ Element.centerX, Element.Font.size 50 ]
            )
        |> Element.column
            [ Element.padding 15
            , Element.spacing 30
            , Element.width <| Element.px <| Pixels.inPixels data.size.width
            ]
 viewEloStat : { flavor : Theme.Flavor } -> EloStat -> Element msg
 viewEloStat data stat =
    Element.row
        [ Element.Background.color (Theme.mantleUI data.flavor)
        , Element.Border.rounded 5
        , Element.padding 10
        , Element.spacing 5
        , Element.width Element.fill
        ]
        [ Element.column
            [ Element.centerY, Element.spacing 5, Element.width Element.fill ]
            [ Element.text stat.name
                |> Element.el [ Element.Font.size 30 ]
            , Element.el
                [ Element.Font.color (Theme.subtext0UI data.flavor)
                , Element.Font.size 15
                ]
                (case stat.version of
                    Nothing ->
                        Element.text stat.url
                    Just v ->
                        Element.text (stat.url ++ " | " ++ v)
                )
            ]
        -- Bar to push the rest to the right
        , Element.column [ Element.width Element.fill ] []
        , field { text = "ELO", value = stat.elo, color = Theme.lavenderUI data.flavor }
            |> Element.el [ Element.paddingEach { top = 0, bottom = 0, left = 0, right = 15 } ]
        , field { text = "WINS", value = stat.wins, color = Theme.greenUI data.flavor }
        , field { text = "DRAWS", value = stat.draws, color = Theme.subtext0UI data.flavor }
        , field { text = "LOSSES", value = stat.losses, color = Theme.redUI data.flavor }
        ]
 field : { text : String, value : Int, color : Element.Color } -> Element msg
 field { text, value, color } =
    Element.column
        [ Element.Font.color color
        , Element.spacing 3
        , Element.width (Element.px 70)
        ]
        [ String.fromInt value
            |> Element.text
            |> Element.el [ Element.centerX, Element.Font.size 25 ]
        , text
            |> Element.text
            |> Element.el [ Element.centerX, Element.Font.size 15 ]
        ]
--- a/elo.py
+++ b/elo.py
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
 """
    Create an ELO tracker that compares various server agents out there.
 """
 from elo_tracker import EloTracker
 from pyclient.games import RoyalGameOfUr, TicTacToe
 GAME_FILE = "games.jsonl"
 PLAYER_FILE = "known_players.json"
 def main() -> int:
    tracker = EloTracker(
        game_file_name=GAME_FILE,
        player_file_name=PLAYER_FILE,
        debug=True,
    )
    tracker.start_periodic_matches(
        game=TicTacToe.empty(),
        interval_seconds=10 * 60,
        player_count=2,
    )
    tracker.start_periodic_matches(
        game=RoyalGameOfUr.empty(),
        interval_seconds=9 * 60,
        max_turns=1_500,
        player_count=2,
    )
    try:
        tracker.start_server(import_name=__name__)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("Noticed KeyboardInterrupt, stopping match daemon...")
        tracker.stop_periodic_matches()
    return 0
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())
--- a/elo_tracker/Containerfile
+++ b/elo_tracker/Containerfile
@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
 FROM alpine:3.10 AS elm-builder
 ARG ELM_VERSION=0.19.1
 ARG ELM_URL=https://github.com/elm/compiler/releases/download/${ELM_VERSION}/binary-for-linux-64-bit.gz
 # Download internet packages + Node & npm
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates curl gzip bash nodejs npm
 # Download & install Elm
 RUN curl -L ${ELM_URL} \
    | gunzip > /usr/local/bin/elm \
    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/elm
 # Install uglify-js globally
 RUN npm install -g uglify-js
 WORKDIR /app
 # Copy Elm code
 COPY elm.json .
 COPY elm/ elm/
 # Compile module
 RUN elm make --output=/app/elm.js --optimize elm/EloTracker.elm
 # Optimize & Minify compiled JS
 RUN uglifyjs elm.js \
        --compress "pure_funcs=[F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F7,F8,F9,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9],pure_getters,keep_fargs=false,unsafe_comps,unsafe" \
        | uglifyjs --mangle --output elo_tracker.js
 FROM python:3.10-alpine AS python-builder
 WORKDIR /app
 # Install build dependencies
 RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev python3-dev
 COPY requirements-elo.txt .
 # Create wheels for faster installation
 RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --wheel-dir /wheels -r requirements-elo.txt
 FROM python:3.10-alpine
 WORKDIR /app
 # Install from pre-built wheels
 COPY --from=python-builder /wheels /wheels
 COPY requirements-elo.txt .
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --no-index --find-links=/wheels \
        -r requirements-elo.txt && rm -rf /wheels
 # Install Elm front-end JS
 COPY --from=elm-builder /app/elo_tracker.js /app/elo_tracker/static/elo_tracker.js
 # Install ELO tracker code
 COPY agents/ agents/
 COPY elo_tracker/ elo_tracker/
 COPY pyclient/ pyclient/
 COPY pyserver/ pyserver/
 COPY elo.py .
 CMD ["python", "elo.py"]
--- a/elo_tracker/README.md
+++ b/elo_tracker/README.md
@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
 # ELO tracker
 The ELO tracker lets your agent play many games and assigns every participant
 an Elo rating.
 ## Before you start
 The tracker only plays against **remote agents**. Remote agents are available
 through a URL, and usually run on the internet.
 If your agent only exists as a local Python class,
 [publish it first](../pyserver/README.md).
 ## Add players
 Open `known_players.json` and add the URLs you want to include.
 For example:
 ```json
 {
    "players": [
        "https://my-agent.example",
        "https://bmt001.noordstar.me"
    ]
 }
 ```
 Every listed URL is considered a participant. The ELO tracker will compare
 these players with one another.
 ## Start the tracker
 Run:
 ```sh
 python elo.py
 ```
 The tracker will continuously schedule new matches until you stop it.
 ## Results
 Two files are updated while the tracker runs:
 * `games.jsonl` stores the played games.
 * `known_players.json` stores the list of participants.
 You can stop the tracker with <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd>.
--- a/elo_tracker/init.py
+++ b/elo_tracker/init.py
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 from .app import EloTracker
 __all__ = [
    "EloTracker",
 ]
--- a/elo_tracker/app.py
+++ b/elo_tracker/app.py
@ -1,804 +0,0 @@
 """
    This app hosts the client that'll perform the ELO tracking.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import copy
 import json
 import os
 import random
 import threading
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from typing import Any, Sequence
 import agents.remote
 import pyclient
 import time
 from pyclient.games import FinishState, Game
 DEFAULT_ELO = 1000
 STD_DEV_DIFF = 400
 ELO_K_FACTOR = 32
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PlayerIdentifier:
    """
        The Player Identifier uniquely identifies each player for the ELO
        tracker.
    """
    name : str
    url : str
    version : str | None
    def __key__(self) -> tuple[str, str, str | None]:
        return (self.name, self.url, self.version)
    @classmethod
    def from_server_agent(cls, agent : agents.remote.RemoteAgent) -> "PlayerIdentifier":
        """
            Gain a player identifier from an agent.
        """
        return cls(name=agent.name, url=agent.url, version=agent.version)
@dataclass()
 class EloStat:
    """
        The EloStat records the ELO statistics of a single player.
        What's their score, and how much did they win?
    """
    # Identity
    player_id : PlayerIdentifier
    # Statistics
    losses : int
    draws : int
    wins : int
    elo : float
    @classmethod
    def new(cls, player_id : PlayerIdentifier) -> "EloStat":
        """
            Create a new ELO type based on a player.
            :param player_id: Unique player identifier
            :type player_id: PlayerIdentifier
            :return: New empty Elo statistics for the player
            :rtype: EloStat
        """
        return cls(
            player_id=player_id, losses=0, draws=0, wins=0, elo=DEFAULT_ELO,
        )
    def to_json(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            Convert EloStat to a JSON-formatted dictionary
            :return: The EloStat in JSON format
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        d = dict(
            name=self.player_id.name,
            url=self.player_id.url,
            losses=self.losses,
            draws=self.draws,
            wins=self.wins,
            elo=int(self.elo),
        )
        if self.player_id.version is not None:
            d["version"] = self.player_id.version
        return d
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Match:
    """
        A Match represents a game written to disk in JSONL format.
    """
    game_name : str
    participants : list[tuple[PlayerIdentifier, FinishState]]
    timestamp : str
    @staticmethod
    def now() -> str:
        """
            Get a timestamp of now.
            :return: Timestamp in ISO format
            :rtype: str
        """
        return datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).isoformat()
    @classmethod
    def from_json_record(cls, record : dict[str, Any]) -> "Match":
        """
            Create a new match from a decoded JSON object.
            :param participants: Decoded JSON object
            :type participants: dict[str, Any]
            :return: An initialized match
            :rtype: Match
            :raises KeyError: The JSON is missing required keys.
            :raises ValueError: The JSON is formatted improperly.
        """
        participants : list[dict[str, Any]] = record["participants"]
        if not isinstance(participants, list):
            raise ValueError(
                "Key `participants` must be list of objects"
            )
        game_name : str = str(record["name"])
        timestamp : str = str(record["timestamp"]) # TODO: Perhaps verify ISO format?
        new_participants : list[tuple[PlayerIdentifier, FinishState]] = []
        for i, participant in enumerate(participants):
            # Sanity assertions
            if not isinstance(participant, dict):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Participant #{i+1} must be dictionary"
                )
            for key in ["name", "url", "result"]:
                if not isinstance(participant[key], str):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Participant #{i+1} must have the `{key}` key as string"
                    )
            # Initialize participant
            name : str = participant["name"]
            url : str = participant["url"]
            result = FinishState.from_str(participant["result"])
            version : str | None = participant.get("version", None)
            if version is not None:
                version = str(version)
            new_participants.append((
                PlayerIdentifier(name=name, url=url, version=version),
                result,
            ))
        if len(new_participants) < 2:
            raise ValueError(
                "Expected at least 2 participants in a game for which ELO can be tracked"
            )
        return cls(
            game_name=game_name,
            participants=new_participants,
            timestamp=timestamp,
        )
    @classmethod
    def from_replay(
        cls,
        players : list[agents.remote.RemoteAgent],
        replay : pyclient.GameReplay,
        timestamp : str | None,
    ) -> "Match":
        """
            Convert a GameReplay into a match.
            :param players: The participants of the match.
            :type players: list[agents.RemoteAgent]
            :param replay: Game summary.
            :type replay: pyclient.GameReplay
            :param timestamp: ISO formatted timestamp of when the game was planned.
            :type timestamp: str
            :return: An initialized match.
            :rtype: Match
            :raises ValueError: The replay shows an unfinished match.
        """
        results = replay.turns[-1].state.winner()
        if results is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Game hasn't finished yet."
            )
        participants : list[tuple[PlayerIdentifier, FinishState]] = []
        for i, agent in enumerate(players):
            finish_state = results.get(i + 1, None)
            if finish_state is None:
                continue
            participants.append((
                PlayerIdentifier.from_server_agent(agent=agent),
                finish_state,
            ))
        return cls(
            game_name=replay.game_name,
            participants=participants,
            timestamp=timestamp or cls.now()
        )
    def log(self, file_name : str) -> None:
        """
            Log the current match to disk.
            :param file_name: File name to write the match to.
            :type file_name: str
        """
        with open(file_name, "a", encoding="utf-8") as wp:
            wp.write(json.dumps(self.to_json(), sort_keys=True) + "\n")
    def to_json(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            Convert the Match back to JSON.
            :return: The Match in a dictionary that's can be converted to JSON.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        participants : list[dict[str, str]] = []
        for player_id, result in self.participants:
            d : dict[str, str]= dict(
                name=player_id.name,
                url=player_id.url,
                result=result.name,
            )
            if player_id.version is not None:
                d["version"] = player_id.version
            participants.append(d)
        return dict(
            name=self.game_name,
            participants=participants,
            timestamp=self.timestamp,
        )
 class EloTracker:
    """
        The Elo tracker tracks matches between URLs that it is familiar with.
    """
    def __init__(
        self,
        game_file_name: str,
        player_file_name: str,
        debug: bool = False,
        name: str = "Bot-Man-Toe Elo Tracker",
    ) -> None:
        """
            Create an EloTracker.
            :param game_file_name: The file name to write game results to.
            :type game_file_name: str
            :param player_file_name: The file name to read player URLs from.
            :type player_file_name: str
            :param debug: Whether to print scheduler errors.
            :type debug: bool
            :param name: Display name for the leaderboard.
            :type name: str
        """
        # Threading variables
        self.__lock = threading.RLock()
        self.__scheduler_stop = threading.Event()
        self.__scheduler_threads: list[threading.Thread] = []
        # Immutable values
        self.debug: bool = debug
        self.game_file_name: str = game_file_name
        self.player_file_name: str = player_file_name
        self.name: str = name
        # Thread-unsafe variables
        # Please use a lock while doing CRUD operations on them
        self.players: list[agents.remote.RemoteAgent] = []
        self.__matches: list[Match] = []
        self.__stats: dict[str, dict[PlayerIdentifier, EloStat]] = {}
        # Initialize tracker
        self.__load_matches()
        self.load_players()
    def __debug(self, message: str) -> None:
        """
            Send a debug message to stdout. Ignored when not in debug mode.
            :param message: The message to debug log
            :type message: str
        """
        if self.debug:
            with self.__lock:
                print(f"[EloTracker] {message}")
    def __get_stat(self, game_name : str, player_id : PlayerIdentifier) -> EloStat:
        """
            Get a player's statistics based on their player identifier.
            If the player wasn't known, the function returns a newly
            initialized record in the database for them.
            :param game_name: Name of the relevant game
            :type game_name: str
            :param player_id: Unique player identifier.
            :type player_id: PlayerIdentifier
            :return: Elo statistics
        """
        with self.__lock:
            stat = self.__stats.get(game_name, {}).get(player_id, None)
            if stat is not None:
                return stat
            if game_name not in self.__stats:
                self.__stats[game_name] = {}
            stat = EloStat.new(player_id=player_id)
            self.__stats[game_name][player_id] = stat
            return stat
    def __load_matches(self) -> None:
        """
            Load persisted JSONL records and rebuild in-memory statistics.
        """
        if not os.path.exists(self.game_file_name):
            return
        with self.__lock:
            self.__matches = []
            self.__stats = {}
            with open(self.game_file_name, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
                for line_no, line in enumerate(fp, start=1):
                    line = line.strip()
                    if line == "":
                        continue
                    try:
                        record = json.loads(line)
                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
                        self.__debug(
                            f"Skipping malformed match record on line {line_no}."
                        )
                        continue
                    if not isinstance(record, dict):
                        self.__debug(
                            f"Skipping non-object match record on line {line_no}."
                        )
                        continue
                    try:
                        m = Match.from_json_record(record=record)
                    except ( KeyError, ValueError ):
                        self.__debug(
                            f"Skipping malformed JSON object on line {line_no}."
                        )
                    else:
                        self.__matches.append(m)
                        self.__register_match(m)
    def __register_match(self, m : Match) -> None:
        """
            Apply a newly registered match to the aggregate statistics.
            :param m: Newly created match with results & outcomes.
            :type m: Match
        """
        effective_k = ELO_K_FACTOR / (len(m.participants) - 1)
        scores : dict[PlayerIdentifier, float] = {}
        # First, calculate the pairwise ELO results
        # Do not apply them yet, in order to guarantee fair ELO shifts
        for player_id1, result1 in m.participants:
            total_k = 0.0
            rating_1 = self.__get_stat(game_name=m.game_name, player_id=player_id1).elo
            for player_id2, result2 in m.participants:
                if player_id1 == player_id2:
                    continue
                rating_2 = self.__get_stat(game_name=m.game_name, player_id=player_id2).elo
                expected_score = 1 / (1 + 10 ** ((rating_2 - rating_1) / STD_DEV_DIFF))
                actual_score = 0
                if result1.score() > 0.0:
                    actual_score = result1.score() / (result1.score() + result2.score())
                total_k += effective_k * (actual_score - expected_score)
            scores[player_id1] = total_k
        all_scores = sum(scores.values())
        if 0.001 <= abs(all_scores):
            self.__debug(
                f"In total, all ELO score changes added together are {all_scores} (should be 0.0)"
            )
        # Then, apply the ELO score update + count the wins, draws & losses
        for player_id, result in m.participants:
            player = self.__get_stat(game_name=m.game_name, player_id=player_id)
            player.elo += scores[player_id]
            match result:
                case FinishState.draw:
                    player.draws += 1
                case FinishState.loss:
                    player.losses += 1
                case FinishState.win:
                    player.wins += 1
    def __scheduler_loop(
        self,
        game: Game,
        interval_seconds: float,
        player_count: int,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
            Perform a schedule in which you play a random game.
            :param game: Game to play.
            :type game: pyclient.Game
            :param interval_seconds: Number of seconds to sleep between games
            :type interval_seconds: float
            :param player_count: The number of players that are supposed to participate
            :type player_count: int
            :param max_turns: Optional maximum number of turns to allow
            :type max_turns: int | None
        """
        while not self.__scheduler_stop.is_set():
            try:
                self.load_players()
                with self.__lock:
                    players = [
                        player for player in self.players
                        if game.game_name() in player.games
                    ]
                available = len(players)
                if available < player_count:
                    self.__debug(
                        f"Skipping scheduled match: {available} players available, "
                        f"{player_count} required."
                    )
                else:
                    self.__debug(
                        f"Playing a new scheduled match of {game.game_name()}"
                    )
                    self.play_random_match(
                        game=game,
                        max_turns=max_turns,
                        player_count=player_count,
                    )
            except Exception as exc:
                self.__debug(f"Scheduled match failed: {exc}")
                # raise exc
            if self.__scheduler_stop.wait(interval_seconds):
                break
    def create_flask_app(self, import_name : str) -> Any:
        """
            Create a Flask app that exposes tracker statistics.
            :param import_name: The name of the application package.
            :type import_name: str
        """
        try:
            from flask import Flask, Response, jsonify, request
        except ImportError as exc:
            raise ImportError(
                "Flask is required to host the EloTracker server. "
                "Install the project requirements before calling create_app()."
            ) from exc
        app = Flask(__name__)
        @app.get("/")
        def index() -> Response:
            return Response(
                """
 <!doctype html>
 <html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Bot-Man-Toe Elo Tracker</title>
    <script src="/static/elo_tracker.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <main id="main-block">
      <h1>Bot-Man-Toe Elo Tracker</h1>
      <p>The JSON API is available at /leaderboard, /matches, /players, and /health.</p>
    </main>
  </body>
  <script>
    var app = Elm.EloTracker.init({
        node: document.body,
        flags: { baseUrl: "" }
    });
  </script>
 </html>
 """.strip(), # TODO: Make base URL more explicit
                mimetype="text/html",
            )
        @app.get("/health")
        def health() -> Response:
            return jsonify({
                "ok": True,
                "periodic_matches": self.is_running_periodic_matches(),
            })
        @app.get("/leaderboard")
        def leaderboard() -> Response:
            return jsonify(self.get_json_leaderboard())
        @app.get("/matches")
        def matches() -> Response:
            return jsonify(self.get_json_matches())
        @app.get("/players")
        def players() -> tuple[Response, int]:
            payload = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
            game = payload.get("game", None)
            if isinstance(game, str):
                return jsonify(self.get_json_players(game_name=game)), 200
            else:
                return jsonify({ "error": "No `game` parameter was given" }), 400
        return app
    def is_running_periodic_matches(self) -> bool:
        """
            Return whether the scheduler thread is currently alive.
            :return: Whether the scheduler thread is currently alive.
            :rtype: bool
        """
        with self.__lock:
            for thread in self.__scheduler_threads:
                if thread.is_alive():
                    return True
            else:
                return False
    def load_players(self) -> None:
        """
            Load the known players from disk.
            :raises ValueError: File was not properly JSON-formatted.
        """
        with open(self.player_file_name, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
            obj = json.load(fp)
            if not isinstance(obj, dict):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Expected list of URLs in player file."
                )
            urls = obj.get("players", [])
            if not isinstance(urls, list):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Expected `players` field to be a list of strings."
                )
            players : list[agents.remote.RemoteAgent] = []
            for url in urls:
                if not isinstance(url, str):
                    continue
                try:
                    agent = agents.remote.RemoteAgent(url=url)
                except ValueError:
                    pass  # Not an available player right now
                else:
                    players.append(agent)
            with self.__lock:
                self.players = players
                for agent in players:
                    for game_name in self.__stats:
                        self.__get_stat(
                            game_name=game_name,
                            player_id=PlayerIdentifier.from_server_agent(agent)
                        )
    def play_match(
        self,
        players: list[str],
        game: Game,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
    ) -> pyclient.GameReplay | None:
        """
            Play a single match with appointed players.
            :param players: List of URLs that participate.
            :type players: list[str]
            :param game: The game to start playing
            :type game: Game
            :param max_turns: Optional maximum number of turns to allow
            :type max_turns: int | None
            :return: A summary of the game.
            :rtype: pyclient.GameReplay
            :raises ValueError: One of the URLs could not be accessed.
        """
        ags : list[Any] = [ agents.remote.RemoteAgent(url=url) for url in players ]
        try:
            replay = pyclient.PyClient(debug=self.debug).play_game(
                players=ags,
                start=game,
                max_turns=max_turns,
            )
        except ValueError:
            return None # Exceeded turn limit
        else:
            m = Match.from_replay(players=ags, replay=replay, timestamp=Match.now())
            # Record match
            m.log(self.game_file_name)
            self.__register_match(m)
            return replay
    def play_random_match(
        self,
        game: Game,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
        player_count: int | None = None,
    ) -> pyclient.GameReplay | None:
        """
            Play a game with any known players.
            :param game: The game to start playing
            :type game: Game
            :param max_turns: Optional maximum number of turns to allow
            :type max_turns: int | None
            :param player_count: Optional number of players to select.
            :type player_count: int | None
            :raises ValueError: One of the randomly chosen URLs could not be accessed.
        """
        with self.__lock:
            players = [agent.url for agent in self.players if game.game_name() in agent.games]
        random.shuffle(players)
        if player_count is not None:
            players = players[:player_count]
        return self.play_match(players=players, game=game)
    def start_periodic_matches(
        self,
        game: Game,
        interval_seconds: float = 300,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
        player_count: int = 2,
    ) -> None:
        """
            Start running matches periodically in a daemon thread.
            :param game: Game to play.
            :type game: pyclient.Game
            :param interval_seconds: Number of seconds to sleep between games
            :type interval_seconds: float
            :param max_turns: Optional maximum number of turns to allow
            :type max_turns: int | None
            :param player_count: The number of players that are supposed to participate
            :type player_count: int
        """
        if interval_seconds <= 0:
            raise ValueError("interval_seconds must be greater than zero.")
        if player_count <= 1:
            raise ValueError("player_count must be greater than one.")
        with self.__lock:
            self.__scheduler_stop.clear()
            thread = threading.Thread(
                target=self.__scheduler_loop,
                args=(game, interval_seconds, player_count),
                kwargs={"max_turns": max_turns},
                daemon=True,
            )
            self.__scheduler_threads.append(thread)
            thread.start()
    def stop_periodic_matches(self) -> None:
        """
            Stop the periodic match scheduler and wait briefly for it to exit.
        """
        max_wait_time_s = 5
        now = time.time()
        time_left = lambda : max(0.1, now + max_wait_time_s - time.time())
        to_remove : list[threading.Thread] = []
        # Announce that all threads need to be stopped
        with self.__lock:
            self.__scheduler_stop.set()
            to_remove = [ thread for thread in self.__scheduler_threads ]
        # Then, quietly remove all existing threads
        for thread in self.__scheduler_threads:
            if thread is not None:
                thread.join(timeout=time_left())
        # Remove all stopped threads
        # Keep in mind that another threads might've added new threads in the
        # meantime.
        with self.__lock:
            for thread in to_remove:
                self.__scheduler_threads.remove(thread)
    def get_json_players(self, game_name : str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
        """
            Return known currently available players as notebook-friendly dicts.
        """
        with self.__lock:
            players : list[EloStat] = [
                player for player in self.__stats.get(game_name, {}).values()
                if abs(player.wins + player.draws + player.losses) > 0
            ]
        players.sort(
            key=lambda player: (-int(player.elo), player.player_id.name)
        )
        return [ stat.to_json() for stat in players ]
    def get_json_matches(self, limit: int | None = None) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
        """
            Return persisted match records, newest last unless limited.
            :param limit: Maximum number of most recent matches
            :type limit: int | None
            :return: A list of most recent matches
            :rtype: list[dict[str, Any]]
        """
        with self.__lock:
            if limit is None:
                matches = self.__matches
            elif limit <= 0:
                matches = []
            else:
                matches = self.__matches[-limit:]
            return [ m.to_json() for m in matches ]
    def get_json_leaderboard(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
        """
            Return aggregate player statistics for local use or JSON APIs.
        """
        return [
            {
                "name": game_name,
                "players": self.get_json_players(game_name=game_name),
            }
            for game_name in self.__stats
        ]
    def start_server(
        self,
        host: str = "0.0.0.0",
        import_name : str = __name__,
        port: int = 5000,
        debug: bool = False,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """
            Start a Flask development server from which the ELO scores can be
            viewed interactively.
        """
        return (
            self.create_flask_app(import_name=import_name)
                .run(host=host, port=port, debug=debug, **kwargs)
        )
--- a/games.jsonl
+++ b/games.jsonl
--- a/known_players.json
+++ b/known_players.json
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
 {
    "players": [
        "https://bmt001.noordstar.me",
        "https://bmt002.noordstar.me",
        "https://bmt003.noordstar.me"
    ]
 }
--- a/main.py
+++ b/main.py
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
 """
    This module enables a user to host a server that is able to play games.
 """
 import random
 from pyserver import PyServer
 from pyclient import PyClient
 from pyclient.games.tic_tac_toe import TicTacToe
 def main():
    player = PyServer(
        # Customize this to whatever you'd like to call your player
        name="My super smart robot player",
        # Custom information that you can use to tell people about this player
        profile={},
        # Unless you know what you're doing, don't touch this.
        import_name=__name__,
    )
    player.add_tic_tac_toe(on_move=play_tic_tac_toe, profile={})
    player.start(port=5001)
    return 0
 def play_tic_tac_toe(payload):
    """
        Play a game of tic-tac-toe.
        You receive a payload that looks like this:
        {
            "1": "X", "2": "",  "3": "O",
            "4": "X", "5": "O", "6": "",
            "7": "",  "8": "",  "9": "",
            "your_token": "X"
        }
        And you're expected to return a response of which field you'd like to
        place your piece in. For example, if you wish to place your token in
        field 7, your response should look like this:
        { "move": 7 }
        The board is arranged as follows:
         1 | 2 | 3
        ---+---+---
         4 | 5 | 6
        ---+---+---
         7 | 8 | 9
    """
    # Try printing the payload to see what it looks like!
    print(payload)
    options = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ]
    # 1. Try filtering out the impossible moves!
    #    If an X or O was already placed at a field, remove it from the options
    #
    # 2. Try finding two in a row! If possible, you can try to place the third
    #    item on the board and get 3 in a row.
    #
    # 3. Perhaps you can block the opponent from getting 3 in a row?
    #
    # Now, pick any of the remaining options.
    # This is just a simple implementation. Naturally, you're welcome to try
    # your own logic.
    return { "move": random.choice(options) }
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())
    c = PyClient([
        "http://127.0.0.1:5001",
        "http://127.0.0.1:5002",
    ], debug=True)
    out = c.play_game("tic-tac-toe", TicTacToe)
--- a/pyclient/init.py
+++ b/pyclient/init.py
@ -1,13 +1,111 @@
-"""
+"""Public client entry points."""
    Entry points for developers who wish to use the PyClient module.
 """
-from .client import PyClient
+from typing import Any, Generator, List, Optional
 from .replay import GameReplay
 from .transition import Transition
-__all__ = [
+import requests
-    "GameReplay",
+
-    "PyClient",
+from .poll import ServerAgent
-    "Transition",
+
-]
+
 class PyClient:
    """Host games between discovered server agents."""
    def __init__(self, hosts: List[str], debug : bool = False) -> None:
        """
        Create a PyClient.
        :param hosts: URLs of servers that can participate.
        :type hosts: List[str]
        :raises ValueError: If no reachable servers are provided.
        """
        self.agents: List[ServerAgent] = []
        self.debug = debug
        self.hosts: List[str] = []
        for host in hosts:
            agent = self.__discover_host(host)
            if agent is not None:
                self.agents.append(agent)
                self.hosts.append(agent.url)
        if len(self.hosts) <= 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "No valid hosts found! Check your internet connection or verify the URLs are correct."
            )
    def __discover_host(self, url: str) -> Optional[ServerAgent]:
        try:
            return ServerAgent.from_url(url, debug=self.debug)
        except (requests.exceptions.RequestException, ValueError):
            return None
    def gen_game(self, name : str, game : Any, urls : list[str], timeout : float = 1.0, move_default_if_nonexistent : bool = False) -> Generator[tuple[int, dict[str, Any], Any], None, None]:
        """
            Play game. Return the results as they've been calculated.
            :param name: Unique identifier string name for the game
            :type name: str
            :param game: Game to be played
            :type game: Any
            :param urls: List of URLs where players are located
            :type urls: list[str]
            :param timeout: Maximum time in seconds to wait for a player to respond
            :type timeout: float
            :param move_default_if_nonexistent: If a required player doesn't exist, raise an error. When this is set to true, however, the program will instead assume a player that always takes the default option.
            :type move_default_if_nonexistent: bool
            :return: Generator of each turn consisting of a player, what action it took and what that resulted in.
            :rtype: Generator[tuple[int, dict[str, Any], Any], None, None]
            :raises KeyError: The number of URLs provided is too low, the game requires more players.
        """
        agents = [
            ServerAgent(url=url, name="", games={}, debug=self.debug)
            for url in urls
        ]
        current_state = game.empty()
        while current_state.winner() is None:
            player : int = current_state.player_to_move()
            if len(agents) < player:
                if not move_default_if_nonexistent:
                    raise KeyError(
                        f"Game requires at least {player} players to exist, found only {len(agents)}"
                    )
                current_state = current_state.move_default()
                yield player, {}, current_state
            else:
                agent = agents[player-1]
                payload = agent.poll(
                    game=(name + "/" + current_state.action_name()).strip("/"),
                    payload=current_state.as_seen_by(player),
                    timeout=timeout,
                )
                # Calculate move
                current_state = current_state.move(payload)
                yield player, payload or {}, current_state
    def play_game(self, name : str, game, timeout : float = 1.0) -> list[tuple[int, dict[str, Any], Any]]:
        """
            Play a given game. Ask the registered agents to participate.
        """
        urls = [ agent.url for agent in self.agents if name in agent.games ]
        return list(self.gen_game(
            name=name, game=game, urls=urls, timeout=timeout,
            move_default_if_nonexistent=False,
        ))
    def verify_host(self, url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Verify whether the URL seems to contain a link to a playable server.
        """
        return self.__discover_host(url) is not None
 __all__ = ["PyClient", "ServerAgent"]
--- a/pyclient/client.py
+++ b/pyclient/client.py
@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module hosts the PyClient class. You can use this class to simulate
    games among mulltiple agents.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from agents import Agent
 from .games import Game
 from .replay import GameReplay, Turn
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any, Generator
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PyClient:
    """
        Host games among multiple agents.
    """
    debug : bool
    def gen_game(
        self,
        players : list[Agent],
        start : Game,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
    ) -> Generator[Turn, None, None]:
        """
            Generate a game by polling the players.
            :param players: All players that wish to participate.
            :type players: list[Agent]
            :param start: The start state of the game.
            :type start: Game
            :param max_turns: The maximum number of turns a game may take
            :type max_turns: int
            :return: A generator that yields turns.
            :rtype: Generator[Turn, None, None]
            :raises ValueError: The game is taking too long.
        """
        current_state = start
        turns_taken = 0
        while current_state.winner() is None:
            if max_turns is not None and turns_taken >= max_turns:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Turn limit exceeded: played for {turns_taken} turns and still needed more."
                )
            turns_taken += 1
            player = current_state.player_to_move()
            if len(players) < player:
                # Player not found! Make a default move.
                current_state = current_state.move_default()
                yield Turn(action={}, player=player, state=current_state)
            else:
                agent = players[player - 1]
                on_move = agent.get_action(
                    game=current_state.game_name(),
                    action=current_state.action_name(),
                )
                # Calculate move
                if on_move is None:
                    payload = {}
                else:
                    try:
                        payload = on_move(current_state.as_seen_by(player=player))
                    except Exception:
                        payload = {}
                current_state = current_state.move(payload=payload)
                yield Turn(action=payload, player=player, state=current_state)
    def play_game(
        self,
        players : list[Agent],
        start : Game,
        max_turns : int | None = None,
    ) -> GameReplay:
        """
            Generate a game by polling the players. Collect all moves in a
            summary.
            :param players: All players that wish to participate.
            :type players: list[Agent]
            :param start: The start state of the game.
            :type start: Game
            :param max_turns: The maximum number of turns a game may take
            :type max_turns: int
            :return: Summary describing how the game went.
            :rtype: GameReplay
            :raises ValueError: The game is taking too long.
        """
        return GameReplay(
            game_name=start.game_name(),
            start=start,
            turns=list(self.gen_game(
                players=players, start=start, max_turns=max_turns
            )),
        )
--- a/pyclient/games/init.py
+++ b/pyclient/games/init.py
@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
 """
    Entry point for collecting all known games
 """
 from .game import FinishState, Game
 from .tic_tac_toe import TicTacToe
 from .ur import RoyalGameOfUr
 __all__ = [
    "FinishState",
    "Game",
    "RoyalGameOfUr",
    "TicTacToe",
 ]
--- a/pyclient/games/game.py
+++ b/pyclient/games/game.py
@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module contains the base class for any game.
    If you'd like to create a new game, please copy this module and fill in
    all the necessary methods in order to have a functioning game.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from typing import Any
 class FinishState(Enum):
    draw = auto()
    loss = auto()
    win = auto()
    @classmethod
    def from_str(cls, s : str) -> "FinishState":
        """
            Convert the finish state from a string.
            :param s: String to convert.
            :type s: str
            :return: Finish state
            :rtype: FinishState
            :raises ValueError: Invalid string value.
        """
        for option in FinishState:
            if s == option.name:
                return option
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Unknown finish state `{s}`"
            )
    def score(self) -> float:
        """
            As a score between 0 and 1, convert how "good" an outcome is.
            :return: A score determining how beneficial a finish state is.
            :rtype: float
        """
        match self:
            case FinishState.draw:
                return 0.5
            case FinishState.loss:
                return 0.0
            case FinishState.win:
                return 1.0
 class Game:
    """
        Base class for all games.
        A game is always a snapshot of a game that is paused because it waits
        for a user to make a move.
    """
    def action_name(self) -> str:
        """
            Return the type of action to take. Please only use alphanumeric
            characters.
            This helps the player understand what they are supposed to do.
            For example, in Risk, you can use this to explain whether they are
            expected to "recruit" or "attack" or "move" with their troops.
            If all moves require the same action (such as with tic-tac-toe),
            you can leave this to return an empty string.
        """
        return ""
    def as_seen_by(self, player : int) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            From the perspective of a given player, return the game's state.
            Note that it is very common in games for players to not have ALL
            the details available. For example, in card games, you are
            generally unable to see the cards in your opponents' hands.
            The game's state is formatted in a way that makes it easy to
            convert it to JSON or a tensor.
            :param player: Player. Counting starts from one.
            :type player: int
            :return: The game's state from the perspective of the player.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return {}
    @classmethod
    def empty(cls) -> "Game":
        """
            Create a new game.
            Use this method to shuffle the cards, to arrange pieces on the
            board, and set up the state in a way where the first player can
            start to make its move.
            :return: A game that's ready to start.
            :rtype: Game
        """
        return cls()
    def game_name(self) -> str:
        """
            Return a non-empty string that uniquely identifies the game.
            When creating a new unspecified game, please respect the Java
            package naming convention.
        """
        return "default-game"
    def move_default(self) -> "Game":
        """
            Fallback move option for when a user isn't available or cannot
            decide. Program this move to be predictable, and resemble an
            attempted skip as much as possible. For example:"
            - In Go, place a tile in an empty space near the top-left corner
            - In Monopoly, choose not to buy anything
            - In poker, check. (Or fold after a raise.)
            - In a maze, choose the left-most path
        """
        # NOTE: Games are meant to be immutable values!
        # As such, you should always consider creating a deep copy of oneself,
        # do not simply return self if it might update.
        return self
    def move(self, payload : dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> "Game":
        """
            Make a move on behalf of whose turn it is.
            :param payload: Dictionary containing the player's response.
            :type payload: dict[str, Any] | None
            :return: A new instance of the game where a new action is required.
            :rtype: Game
        """
        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
            return self.move_default()
        # NOTE: Games are meant to be immutable values!
        # As such, you should always consider creating a deep copy of oneself,
        # do not simply return self if it might update.
        return self
    def player_to_move(self) -> int:
        """
            Return which player is currently meant to move.
            :return: Which player to move. Counting starts from one.
            :rtype: int
        """
        return 1
    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            Return a dictionary containing the full game state.
            :return: The current game's state.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return {}
    def winner(self) -> dict[int, FinishState] | None:
        """
            Determine whether the game has ended.
            :return: A list detailing which players have won, lost or drawn - or None if the game hasn't finished.
            :rtype: dict[int, FinishState] | None
        """
        return {}
--- a/pyclient/games/tic_tac_toe.py
+++ b/pyclient/games/tic_tac_toe.py
@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 """
    This module hosts the game of tic-tac-toe, the traditional game where
    you're trying to place 3 items in a row in a 3x3-grid.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from .game import FinishState, Game
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum, auto
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
 class Field(Enum):
    X = auto()
@ -28,7 +20,7 @@ class Field(Enum):
                return ""
@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class TicTacToe(Game):
+class TicTacToe:
    field_1 : Field
    field_2 : Field
    field_3 : Field
@ -180,7 +172,7 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
    def action_name(self) -> str:
        return ""
-    def as_seen_by(self, player : int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    def as_seen_by(self, player : int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
            Return the view of the game from the perspective of a given player.
@ -211,9 +203,6 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
            field_7=Field.empty, field_8=Field.empty, field_9=Field.empty,
        )
    def game_name(self) -> str:
        return "tic-tac-toe"
    def move_default(self) -> "TicTacToe":
        """
            Have a player take a "default" move. They'll take this move
@ -240,7 +229,7 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
                "No legal moves exist anymore on this tic-tac-toe board."
            )
-    def move(self, payload : Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None) -> "TicTacToe":
+    def move(self, payload : Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> "TicTacToe":
        """
            Have a player make a move. Based on this information, update the
            game.
@ -282,7 +271,7 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
        """
        return 1 if self.count_x() <= self.count_o() else 2
-    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            "1": str(self.field_1),
            "2": str(self.field_2),
@ -295,12 +284,12 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
            "9": str(self.field_9),
        }
-    def winner(self) -> dict[int, FinishState] | None:
+    def winner(self) -> int | None:
        """
            Returns whether the board indicates that there's a winner.
            :return: The winning player, zero in case of a tie, or None if there's no winner yet.
-            :rtype: dict[int, FinishState] | None
+            :rtype: int | None
        """
        win_lines = [
            [ 1, 2, 3, ],
@ -314,17 +303,15 @@ class TicTacToe(Game):
        ]
        d = self.to_dict()
        out = { 1 : FinishState.loss, 2 : FinishState.loss, }
        for player, symbol in [ ( 1, str(Field.X) ), ( 2, str(Field.O) ) ]:
            for win_line in win_lines:
                if all(d[str(w)] == symbol for w in win_line):
-                    out[player] = FinishState.win
+                    return player
                    return out
        else:
            # Check for draw
            if all(item != "" for item in d.values()):
-                return { 1 : FinishState.draw, 2 : FinishState.draw, }
+                return 0
            return None
--- a/pyclient/games/ur.py
+++ b/pyclient/games/ur.py
@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
 """
    The Royal game of Ur is supposedly one of the world's oldest known board
    games. Players race 7 horses to the finish line while trying to sabotage
    each other.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Any, Generator
 import random
 from .game import FinishState, Game
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 # On these fields, you can safely place your token without getting it removed
 # if the opponent plays a token on their respective spot.
 SAFE_FIELDS = set([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 14, 15 ])
 # Whenever you land a token on this piece, you may play another turn.
 STAR_FIELDS = set([ 4, 8, 14 ])
 # You may place multiple pieces on these fields.
 STACK_FIELDS = set([ 0, 15 ])
 # Length of the board
 BOARD_LENGTH = 1 + 4 + (4 + 2 + 2) + 2 + 1
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class RoyalGameOfUr(Game):
    """
        The Royal Game of Ur is a game where players roll dice to get to the
        finish line.
    """
    board : list[tuple[int, int]]
    mover : int
    roll : int
    def __updated_board(self, start : int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
        new_board = []
        assert self.roll > 0
        assert 0 <= start < BOARD_LENGTH
        assert start + self.roll < BOARD_LENGTH
        elim = False
        for i, (a, b) in enumerate(self.board):
            if i == start:
                if self.player_to_move() == 1:
                    new_board.append(( a - 1, b ))
                else:
                    new_board.append(( a, b - 1 ))
            elif i == start + self.roll:
                if self.player_to_move() == 1:
                    if b > 0 and i not in SAFE_FIELDS:
                        elim = True
                        b = 0
                    new_board.append(( a + 1, b ))
                else:
                    if a > 0 and i not in SAFE_FIELDS:
                        elim = True
                        a = 0
                    new_board.append(( a, b + 1 ))
            else:
                new_board.append(( a, b ))
        if elim:
            if self.player_to_move() == 1:
                new_board[0] = ( new_board[0][0], new_board[0][1] + 1)
            else:
                new_board[0] = ( new_board[0][0] + 1, new_board[0][1] )
        return new_board
    def __valid_moves(self) -> Generator[int, None, None]:
        for i in range(BOARD_LENGTH - self.roll):
            dest = i + self.roll
            if self.board[i][self.mover] > 0:
                if dest in STACK_FIELDS or self.board[dest][self.mover] == 0:
                    yield i
    def action_name(self) -> str:
        return "" # Players can only move in this game
    def as_seen_by(self, player: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
        my_index = player - 1
        ot_index = 1 - my_index
        d : dict[str, Any] = dict(
            enemies_at_start=self.board[0][ot_index],
            enemies_at_finish=self.board[15][ot_index],
            safe_fields=list(SAFE_FIELDS),
            stack_fields=list(STACK_FIELDS),
            star_fields=list(STAR_FIELDS),
            tokens_at_start=self.board[0][my_index],
            tokens_at_finish=self.board[15][my_index],
            valid_moves=list(self.__valid_moves()),
        )
        for i in range(BOARD_LENGTH):
            d[str(i)] = (
                "YOU" if self.board[i][my_index] > 0 else (
                "ENEMY" if my_index not in SAFE_FIELDS and self.board[i][ot_index] > 0 else (
                ""
            )))
        for i in SAFE_FIELDS:
            d[f"{i}_enemy"] = (
                "ENEMY" if self.board[i][ot_index] > 0 else ""
            )
        return d
    @classmethod
    def empty(cls) -> RoyalGameOfUr:
        """
            Create a new game.
            :return: Start state of the board
            :rtype: RoyalGameOfUr
        """
        times, roll = cls.roll_repeatedly()
        return cls(
            board=[ (7, 7) ] + ((BOARD_LENGTH - 1) * [ (0, 0 ) ]),
            mover=(1 + times) % 2,
            roll=roll,
        )
    def game_name(self) -> str:
        return "royal-game-of-ur"
    def move_default(self) -> Game:
        """
            Fallback move option for when a user isn't available or cannot
            decide. In this case, the player attempts to move whatever is the
            furthest in the back.
        """
        player = self.player_to_move()
        for i in self.__valid_moves():
            new_board = self.__updated_board(start=i)
            new_mover = self.mover
            if i + self.roll not in STAR_FIELDS:
                new_mover += 1
            return RoyalGameOfUr(
                board=new_board, mover=new_mover % 2, roll=self.roll_once(),
            ).skip_if_possible()
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "Player has no valid moves even though those should've been erased."
            )
    def move(self, payload : dict[str, Any] | None = None):
        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
            return self.move_default()
        key = str(payload.get("move", ""))
        for i in self.__valid_moves():
            if str(i) == key:
                new_board = self.__updated_board(start=i)
                new_mover = self.mover
                if i + self.roll not in STAR_FIELDS:
                    new_mover += 1
                return RoyalGameOfUr(
                    board=new_board, mover=new_mover % 2, roll=self.roll_once(),
                ).skip_if_possible()
        else:
            return self.move_default()
    def player_to_move(self) -> int:
        return self.mover + 1
    @staticmethod
    def roll_once() -> int:
        tot = 0
        for _ in range(4):
            tot += random.randint(0, 1)
        return tot
    @staticmethod
    def roll_repeatedly() -> tuple[int, int]:
        """
            Roll until you don't roll a zero.
        """
        n, roll = 0, 0
        while roll == 0:
            n += 1
            roll = RoyalGameOfUr.roll_once()
        return n, roll
    def skip_if_possible(self) -> RoyalGameOfUr:
        """
            Skip this turn. Allow the next player to make a move.
            Players are not allowed to skip if they can make a valid move.
        """
        # Exit if at least one valid move exists
        if self.roll > 0:
            for _ in self.__valid_moves():
                return self
        # Exit if game has already finished
        if self.winner() is not None:
            return self
        return RoyalGameOfUr(
            board=self.board,
            mover=(self.mover + 1) % 2,
            roll=self.roll_once()
        ).skip_if_possible()
    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return self.as_seen_by(player=1)
    def winner(self) -> dict[int, FinishState] | None:
        a, b = self.board[-1]
        if a == 7:
            return {
                1 : FinishState.win,
                2 : FinishState.loss,
            }
        elif b == 7:
            return {
                1 : FinishState.loss,
                2 : FinishState.win,
            }
        else:
            return None
--- a/pyclient/poll.py
+++ b/pyclient/poll.py
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
 """Discovery and polling helpers for Bot-Man-Toe servers."""
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
 import requests
 import time
 class ServerAgent:
    """Representation of a server that can host one or more games."""
    def __init__(self,
        url: str,
        name: str,
        games: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
        debug : bool = False,
        profile : dict[str, Any] = {}
    ) -> None:
        """
        Create a server representation.
        :param url: The URL used to discover the server.
        :type url: str
        :param name: Name of the server's player.
        :type name: str
        :param games: Games the server is willing to play.
        :type games: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
        :param debug: Whether to enable debug mode.
        :type debug: bool
        :param profile: Custom user profile containing a user's details.
        :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        """
        self.debug = debug
        self.games = games
        self.name = name
        self.profile = profile
        self.url = url.strip("/")
    @classmethod
    def from_url(
        cls,
        url: str,
        timeout: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float]]] = 10.0,
        debug : bool = False
    ) -> "ServerAgent":
        """
        Create a server agent by polling its discovery endpoint.
        The root endpoint is expected to return a JSON object with an optional
        ``name`` field and an optional ``games`` mapping.
        :param url: The URL that the server can be reached at.
        :type url: str
        :param timeout: Request timeout passed to ``requests.get``.
        :type timeout: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float]]]
        :return: The server's representation.
        :rtype: ServerAgent
        :raises requests.exceptions.HTTPError: If the server returns a
            non-success HTTP status code.
        :raises requests.exceptions.RequestException: If the request fails
            before a response is received.
        :raises ValueError: If the response body is not a JSON object or if the
            payload contains malformed discovery fields.
        """
        response = requests.get(url.rstrip("/") + "/", timeout=timeout)
        response.raise_for_status()
        content = response.json()
        if not isinstance(content, dict):
            raise ValueError("Server discovery responses must be JSON objects.")
        raw_name = content.get("name", "")
        name = "" if raw_name is None else str(raw_name)
        games: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
        raw_games = content.get("games", {})
        if raw_games is not None:
            if not isinstance(raw_games, dict):
                raise ValueError("The 'games' field must be a JSON object when provided.")
            for game_name, profile in raw_games.items():
                if isinstance(profile, dict):
                    games[str(game_name)] = profile
        profile: dict[str, Any] = {}
        for k, v in content.items():
            if k not in [ "name", "games" ]:
                profile[k] = v
        return cls(url=url, name=name, games=games, debug=debug, profile=profile)
    def poll(self, game: str, payload: Dict[str, Any], timeout: float = 1.0) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
            Inquire a game to make a move.
            :param game: The game the ServerAgent is asked to play.
            :type game: str
            :param payload: The JSON payload that represents the game's state.
            :type payload: Dict[str, Any]
            :param timeout: Maximum number of seconds to wait for a move.
            :type timeout: float
            :return: The server's response, or None if the server did not respond
                in time or returned an invalid response.
            :rtype: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
        """
        url = f"{self.url.rstrip('/')}/{game.lstrip('/')}"
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, json=payload, timeout=timeout)
            response.raise_for_status()
            content = response.json()
        except (requests.exceptions.RequestException, ValueError):
            return None
        if self.debug:
            print(f"[DBG] Agent `{self.name}` returned:")
            print(content)
        return content if isinstance(content, dict) else None
    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            Represent the agent in the form of a dict.
            :return: Dictionary representation of the ServerAgent
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return dict(
            name=self.name,
            games=self.games,
            url=self.url,
            profile=self.profile,
        )
--- a/pyclient/replay.py
+++ b/pyclient/replay.py
@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module helps describe & evaluate previously played games.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from .games import Game
 from .transition import Transition
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any, Generator
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class GameReplay:
    """
        Game replay detailing the events of what happened in a previously
        played game.
    """
    game_name : str
    start : Game
    turns : list[Turn]
    def gen_transitions(self) -> Generator[Transition, None, None]:
        """
            Generate transitions from the game's summary.
            :return: Transitions that describe consequences throughout the game.
            :rtype: Generator[Transition, None, None]
        """
        prev_state : Game = self.start
        seen_participants : dict[int, tuple[Game, dict[str, Any]]] = {}
        for turn in self.turns:
            # If a player has made a move before, show the current state as
            # the result of their previous turn's action.
            state, action = seen_participants.get(turn.player, ( None, {} ))
            if state is not None:
                yield Transition(
                    full_state_after=prev_state,
                    full_state_before=state,
                    move=action,
                    player=turn.player,
                )
            # Save the player's current action for the future.
            # We'll see how this action worked out!
            seen_participants[turn.player] = ( prev_state, turn.action )
            prev_state = turn.state
        else:
            # Record to all players that the game has finished.
            for player, ( state, action ) in seen_participants.items():
                yield Transition(
                    full_state_after=prev_state,
                    full_state_before=state,
                    move=action,
                    player=player,
                )
    def to_transitions(self, player : int | None = None) -> list[Transition]:
        """
            Convert the GameSummary into a list of transitions that can be
            fed to a system that can reflect on past moves.
            :param player: Filter to only show transitions of a given player.
            :type player: int | None
            :return: A list of transitions extracted from a game.
            :rtype: list[Transition]
        """
        if player is None:
            return list(self.gen_transitions())
        else:
            return [ t for t in self.gen_transitions() if t.player == player ]
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Turn:
    """
        A turn is a snapshot of a moment where a user was prompted to take an
        action. A turn consists of three values:
        1. The player (number) that was prompted for an action
        2. The action that that player has decided to take
        3. The game's state after the action was prompted and before the next
            prompted move.
        Note that turns might not correlate with in-game turns. A user might
        take multiple actions in a Risk game (recruit, attack, move) and each
        action is registered as an independent move.
    """
    player : int
    action : dict[str, Any]
    state : Game
--- a/pyclient/transition.py
+++ b/pyclient/transition.py
@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
 """
    The transition module allows agents to reflect on the choices they
    (and others) have made during recent games.
    Agents are generally intended to be stateless, so this allows them to
    later understand how well certain moves turned out.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from .games import FinishState, Game
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any, Generator
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Transition:
    """
        A transition is a simplified view on a user's single move.
        The transition contains the game state, the move they made,
        and what the game ended up looking like the next time they were
        prompted for a move. If the game ends, the `state_after` field contains
        the final state.
    """
    full_state_after : Game
    full_state_before : Game
    move : dict[str, Any]
    player : int
    @property
    def end_result(self) -> FinishState | None:
        """
            Return the result of this move if it caused the game to end,
            or None if the game still continues after this.
            :return: The player's result in the game with this move.
            :rtype: FinishState | None
        """
        w = self.full_state_after.winner()
        if w is None:
            return None
        return w[self.player]
    @property
    def game_has_ended(self) -> bool:
        """
            Shorthand property for whether this was the player's last move.
            Tip: Use the methods `move_caused_draw`, `move_caused_loss` and
            `move_caused_win` to determine the outcome.
        """
        return self.full_state_after.winner() is not None
    @property
    def move_caused_draw(self) -> bool:
        """
            Shorthand property for whether this move caused the player to draw.
            :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.end_result == FinishState.draw
    @property
    def move_caused_loss(self) -> bool:
        """
            Shorthand property for whether this move caused the player to lose.
            :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.end_result == FinishState.loss
    @property
    def move_caused_win(self) -> bool:
        """
            Shorthand property for whether this move caused the player to win.
            :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.end_result == FinishState.win
    @property
    def state_after(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            The initial state that the agent was shown after they were asked for
            a move. 
            Keep in mind that this state does not necessarily contain
            ALL information, as players are often partially kept in the dark
            about a game's state.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return self.full_state_after.as_seen_by(self.player)
    @property
    def state_before(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
            The initial state that the agent was shown when they were asked for
            a move. 
            Keep in mind that this state does not necessarily contain
            ALL information, as players are often partially kept in the dark
            about a game's state.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
        return self.full_state_before.as_seen_by(self.player)
--- a/pyserver/Containerfile
+++ b/pyserver/Containerfile
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
 FROM python:3.10-alpine AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 # Install build dependencies
 RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev python3-dev
 COPY requirements-pyserver.txt .
 # Create wheels for faster installation
 RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --wheel-dir /wheels -r requirements-pyserver.txt
 FROM python:3.10-alpine
 WORKDIR /app
 # Install from pre-built wheels
 COPY --from=builder /wheels /wheels
 COPY requirements-pyserver.txt .
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --no-index --find-links=/wheels \
        -r requirements-pyserver.txt && rm -rf /wheels
 # Install PyServer code
 COPY agents/ agents/
 COPY pyserver/ pyserver/
 COPY server.py .
 ENV CONTAINERIZED=1
 CMD ["python", "server.py"]
--- a/pyserver/README.md
+++ b/pyserver/README.md
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
 # Publishing your agent
 Once your agent behaves the way you want, you can expose it over HTTP so other clients can play against it.
 You only need this if you want other programs to connect to your agent.
 ## Use this repository
 1. Open `server.py`.
 2. Replace the agent passed to `PyServer` with your own. For example:
 ```py
 from agents.my_agent import MyAgent
 player = PyServer(MyAgent())
 ```
 3. Start the server. Run:
 ```sh
 python server.py
 ```
 By default, the server listens on port `5000`.
 4. Open your browser and visit `http://localhost:5000/`. You should receive
 a JSON document describing your agent and the games it supports.
 If that works, your agent is ready to receive game requests.
 ## Writing your own server
 The included server is the easiest way to publish a Python agent.
 If you want to implement the protocol yourself
 _(for example in another language)_ you can use the specification in
 [the protocol specification](./spec.md).
--- a/pyserver/server.py
+++ b/pyserver/server.py
@ -2,42 +2,85 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
-import os
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
 from typing import Any, Optional
-from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
+from flask import Flask, Response, jsonify, request
-from agents import Agent
+from functools import wraps
 from typing import Any
 PayloadType = dict[str, Any]
 GameHandler = Callable[[PayloadType], PayloadType]
 class PyServer:
-    """
+    """A tiny stateless Flask app that serves discovery and game routes."""
        A tiny stateless Flask app that serves discovery and routes
        game behavior to an agent.
    """
-    def __init__(self, agent : Agent, import_name : str = __name__) -> None:
+    def __init__(self,
        name: str,
        import_name: str = __name__,
        profile: Optional[PayloadType] = None,
        subpath : str = "",
    ) -> None:
        """
-        Create a PyServer that serves the behavior of an Agent.
+        Create a PyServer.
-        :param agent: The agent that one can communicate with.
+        :param name: Preferred display name for discovery.
-        :type agent: Agent
+        :type name: str
-        :param import_name: Flask application import name
+        :param import_name: Flask import name.
        :type import_name: str
        :param profile: Additional root-level discovery metadata.
        :type profile: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
        :type subpath: str
        :raises ValueError: The input contains invalid information.
        """
-        self.containerized : bool = bool(int(os.environ.get("CONTAINERIZED", "0")))
+        self.name = name
-        self.agent = agent
+        self.profile = dict(profile or {})
        if "name" in self.profile:
            raise ValueError(
                "Root profile metadata must not define 'name'."
            )
        if "games" in self.profile:
            raise ValueError(
                "Root profile metadata must not define 'games'."
            )
        self.app = Flask(import_name)
        self.__games: dict[str, PayloadType] = {}
        self.__registered_routes: set[str] = set()
-        @self.app.get("/")
+        # Register the root
-        def discovery():
+        self.__add_api_endpoint("", "", lambda _ : self.__discovery())
-            return jsonify(self.__discovery())
+        # self.app.add_url_rule("/",
        #     endpoint="botman_discovery",
        #     view_func=self.__discovery,
        #     methods=["GET"]
        # )
-        @self.app.get("/<path:game>")
+    def __add_api_endpoint(self, name : str, route : str, func : GameHandler) -> None:
-        @self.app.get("/<path:game>/<path:action>")
+        """
-        def dispatch(game: str, action: str | None = None):
+            Create a new API endpoint.
-            return jsonify(self.__dispatch(game=game, action=action))
+
            :param name: The name of the action to undertake.
            :type name: str
            :param func: The player's function that determines what action to take.
            :type func: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]
            :raises ValueError: The URL has already been registered.
        """
        url = self.__make_url(name, route)
        if url in self.__registered_routes:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Route already registered: {url}"
            )
        self.__registered_routes.add(url)
        return self.app.add_url_rule(url,
            endpoint="botman_" + name.replace("/", "_"),
            view_func=self.__func_wrapper(func),
            methods=["GET"],
        )
    def __discovery(self) -> PayloadType:
        """
@ -46,35 +89,104 @@ class PyServer:
            :return: The personal discovery information.
            :rtype: dict[str, Any]
        """
-        d = dict(name=self.agent.name, author=self.agent.author)
+        return {
-        if self.agent.version is not None:
+            "name": self.name,
-            d["version"] = self.agent.version
+            "games": dict(self.__games),
            **self.profile,
        }
-        d = { **self.agent.profile, **d }
+    def __func_wrapper(self, func : GameHandler) -> Callable[[], Response]:
        d["me.noordstar.peanuts.containerized"] = self.containerized
        d["games"] = {}
        for game, (profile, _) in self.agent.registered_games.items():
            d["games"][game] = profile
        return d
    def __dispatch(self, game: str, action: str | None) -> PayloadType:
        """
-            Resolve a request against the agent's action lookup.
+            Wrapper that catches an incoming request, parses it, and responds
            with a player's action response.
        """
-        payload = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
+        @wraps(func)
-        func = self.agent.get_action(
+        def exec():
-            game=game.strip("/"),
+            payload = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
-            action=action.strip("/") if isinstance(action, str) else None,
+            result = func(payload) or {}
            return jsonify(result)
        return exec
    def __make_url(self, name : str, route : str) -> str:
        return "/" + "/".join([ name.strip("/"), route.strip("/") ]).strip("/")
    def add_game(
        self,
        name: str,
        profile: PayloadType,
        actions: dict[str, GameHandler],
        required_actions: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Register a stateless game with one or more action routes.
        :param name: Base route name for the game.
        :type name: str
        :param profile: Game-specific discovery metadata.
        :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        :param actions: Mapping of action subpaths to handlers.
        :type actions: dict[str, Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]]
        :param required_actions: Optional completeness check. If provided, all
            required action names must exist in ``actions`` and map to callables.
        :type required_actions: Optional[list[str]]
        :raises AssertionError: Some of the required actions aren't present.
        :raises ValueError: Some of the requested URL paths are already occupied.
        """
        # Verify that all required actions are present
        if required_actions is not None:
            missing_actions = [ action for action in required_actions if action not in actions ]
            if len(missing_actions) > 0:
                raise AssertionError(
                    f"Missing required action handlers: {', '.join(sorted(missing_actions))}"
                )
        # Verify that there are no duplicate URLs being registered
        # Even though this will automatically be checked later, checking this
        # now ensures that the operation is atomic and doesn't add
        # games partially.
        new_routes : set[str] = set()
        for route in actions:
            url = self.__make_url(name, route)
            if url in self.__registered_routes:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Route {url} was already registered"
                )
            if url in new_routes:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Route {url} was registered twice by the same function call"
                )
            new_routes.add(url)
        # Register all actions
        for route, func in actions.items():
            self.__add_api_endpoint(name=name, route=route, func=func)
        # Add profile data
        self.__games[name] = profile
    def add_tic_tac_toe(self, on_move: GameHandler, profile: PayloadType = {}) -> None:
        """
        Convenience registration for tic-tac-toe.
        The game is exposed at `/tic-tac-toe`.
        :param profile: The player's custom profile.
        :type profile: dict[str, Any]
        :param on_move:
        """
        self.add_game(
            name="tic-tac-toe",
            profile=profile,
            actions={"": on_move},
            required_actions=[""],
        )
        if func is None:
            return {}
        result = func(payload) or {}
        return result if isinstance(result, dict) else {}
    def start(self, host: str = "127.0.0.1", port: int = 5000, debug: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Start the Flask development server."""
        self.app.run(host=host, port=port, debug=debug, **kwargs)
--- a/requirements-elo.txt
+++ b/requirements-elo.txt
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
 blinker==1.9.0
 certifi==2026.6.17
 charset-normalizer==3.4.7
 click==8.4.1
 colorama==0.4.6
 Flask==3.1.3
 idna==3.18
 itsdangerous==2.2.0
 Jinja2==3.1.6
 MarkupSafe==3.0.3
 requests==2.34.2
 urllib3==2.7.0
 Werkzeug==3.1.8
--- a/requirements-pyclient.txt
+++ b/requirements-pyclient.txt
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 certifi==2026.6.17
 charset-normalizer==3.4.7
 idna==3.18
 requests==2.34.2
 urllib3==2.7.0
--- a/requirements-pyserver.txt
+++ b/requirements-pyserver.txt
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
 blinker==1.9.0
 click==8.4.1
 colorama==0.4.6
 Flask==3.1.3
 itsdangerous==2.2.0
 Jinja2==3.1.6
 MarkupSafe==3.0.3
 Werkzeug==3.1.8
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 blinker==1.9.0
-certifi==2026.6.17
+certifi==2026.5.20
 charset-normalizer==3.4.7
 click==8.4.1
 colorama==0.4.6
--- a/server.py
+++ b/server.py
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
 """
    This module enables a user to host a server that is able to play games.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import agents
 from pyserver import PyServer
 def main() -> int:
    """
        Start a server.
        :return: Exit code
        :rtype: int
    """
    player = PyServer(agents.AgentOfChaos())
    # Start listening for games
    player.start(
        host="0.0.0.0", # Comment out when using only locally
        port=5000,
    )
    return 0
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())
--- a/pyserver/spec.md
+++ b/pyserver/spec.md
@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 This document describes how a Bot-Man-Toe server or client is supposed to
 behave.
 **This document requires familiarity with setting up an HTTP server.** Please
 use [the easy implementation](../pyserver/README.md) if you're building
 [a simple agent](../agents/README.md) in this repository.
 ## Terminology
 A **server** is a REST API server that hosts a player willing to play games.
@ -69,13 +65,3 @@ package namespace guidelines.
 }
 ```
 There's a few optional data fields that are specified here:
 | Field | Type | Description |
 | ----- | ---- | ----------- |
 | author | string | The name of the person who designed the agent. |
 | version | string | The version of the agent, in case there's an update. |
 | me.noordstar.peanuts.containerized | bool | Whether the agent is running in a container. |
 | me.noordstar.peanuts.is_ai | bool | Whether the agent runs on a trained deep learning model or some artificial intelligence. |
 | me.noordstar.peanuts.agent.version | string | **Deprecated.** Experimental value to demonstrate an agent's version. Please use `version` instead. |
 | me.noordstar.peanuts.author | string | **Deprecated.** Experimental value to demonstrate an agent's author. Please use `author` instead. |